A Review of the Continuum Theory-Based Stress and Drag Models in Gas-Solid Flows

The continuum theory-based models, which include solid stress models and gas-solid drag are required for the modeling of flows in framework Eulerian–Eulerian method. interactions among particles characterized by their diverse behaviors at different flow regimes, including kinetic motion, particle–particle collision enduring friction. It is difficult to describe particle various regimes mathematical methods accurately. Therefore, it very important develop proper that can capture inherent characteristics behaviors. In addition, fluidization system a typical heterogeneous system, exhibits locally inhomogeneous structures such as bubbles or clusters with shapes sizes. Due these characteristics, model has become one key challenges simulation flows. Various forms constitutive relations have been reported literature. this paper, we reviewed crossing both micro- mesoscales, provide useful reference selection simulating